{"id":77026,"date":"2026-05-04T08:54:58","date_gmt":"2026-05-04T01:54:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/quoc-gia-tung-cam-dan-so-huu-vang-giao-nop-hoac-ngoi-tu-10-nam\/"},"modified":"2026-05-04T09:26:32","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T02:26:32","slug":"quoc-gia-tung-cam-dan-so-huu-vang-giao-nop-hoac-ngoi-tu-10-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/zh\/quoc-gia-tung-cam-dan-so-huu-vang-giao-nop-hoac-ngoi-tu-10-nam\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1eebng c\u1ea5m d\u00e2n s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0ng, giao n\u1ed9p ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ed3i t\u00f9 10 n\u0103m"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u201cH\u00e3y giao n\u1ed9p v\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ed3i t\u00f9 10 n\u0103m\u201d, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 phim, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i \u201cx\u1ee9 s\u1edf c\u1edd hoa\u201d c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 ch\u00ecm s\u00e2u trong cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh, khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm gi\u1eef v\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u giao n\u1ed9p v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau h\u1ecd l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng gi\u00e1 v\u00e0ng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\u00c1c m\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea1i kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u2018nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm\u2019 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1933, n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua 3 n\u0103m ch\u00ecm trong suy tho\u00e1i. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p l\u00ean t\u1edbi 25%. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 3\/4 so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1929. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean b\u1edd v\u1ef1c s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 4\/3\/1933, Franklin D. Roosevelt tuy\u00ean th\u1ec7 nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, v\u00e0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n an to\u00e0n duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

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N\u0103m 1933, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 Franklin D. Roosevelt k\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p (Emergency Banking Act), b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. \u1ea2nh: Library of Congress<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfi v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n cho k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch in ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee9u nguy n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau khi nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c, th\u00f4ng qua \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, Roosevelt \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh H\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p 6102 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 5\/4\/1933.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1c v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1ea5m t\u00edch tr\u1eef v\u00e0ng mi\u1ebfng, ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0ng trong d\u00e2n; b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i giao n\u1ed9p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0ng cho Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng D\u1ef1 tr\u1eef Li\u00ean bang (Fed) tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 1\/5\/1933.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu vi ph\u1ea1m s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 10.000 USD (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd) ho\u1eb7c 10 n\u0103m t\u00f9 giam.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c “t\u00edch tr\u1eef v\u00e0ng” \u0111ang l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 mua m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0ng tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi 100 USD v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng d\u00f9ng trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, nha khoa.<\/p>\n

\u2018L\u1eddi h\u1ee9a tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1\u2019 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ph\u0169 ph\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c thu mua v\u00e0ng, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n theo m\u1ee9c 20,67 USD m\u1ed7i ounce. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c mang t\u00ednh th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau, ng\u00e0y 30\/1\/1934, Roosevelt k\u00fd ti\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt D\u1ef1 tr\u1eef V\u00e0ng (Gold Reserve Act<\/em>). \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n quy \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la ra v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n (h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb v\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3), m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 v\u00e0ng l\u00ean 35 USD\/ounce.<\/p>\n

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Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1ecbch thu v\u00e0ng, d\u00f9 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i d\u1eef d\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c. \u1ea2nh: National Museum of American History<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

D\u00e2n ch\u00fang nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t: M\u1edbi h\u00f4m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 thu mua v\u00e0ng<\/a> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 20,67 USD, h\u00f4m sau ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i (ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1) s\u1ed1 v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 35 USD tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3n ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y ch\u1ea3y th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e2n kh\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Qu\u1ef9 \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 (Exchange Stabilization Fund<\/em>), gi\u00fap ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 can thi\u1ec7p s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n qua Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng thu v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kho d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i: Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Knox (Fort Knox). Ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef trong kho b\u1ea1c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 3 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1930.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn im l\u1eb7ng. Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao. N\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 Perry ki\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

Khi x\u00e9t x\u1eed, c\u00e1c th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn: ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u201cvi hi\u1ebfn\u201d, \u201cvi ph\u1ea1m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ee9a h\u00e3o\u201d.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p l\u1eddi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u1ea5y, T\u00f2a \u00e1n v\u1eabn b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 s\u00e1t sao: 5-4. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t phi\u1ebfu ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd do m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0a ra nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u1ee3p l\u00fd trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd: khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 “quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng” trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 “c\u1ee9u” ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Roosevelt. N\u1ebfu t\u00f2a bu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tr\u1ea3 1,69 USD cho m\u1ed7i 1 USD tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu, ng\u00e2n kh\u1ed1 M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. T\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba “gi\u1eef th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n” (tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 sai v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc), v\u1eeba “gi\u1eef n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf” (kh\u00f4ng cho d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng).<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edb tr\u00eau thay, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3: ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb v\u00e0ng, ph\u00e1 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4 la, k\u00edch th\u00edch xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cung ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01a1m s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang “h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i”.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3 gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n v\u1ee5 \u00e1n Perry ki\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, cho th\u1ea5y ranh gi\u1edbi mong manh gi\u1eefa “quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p” c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 “ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng” v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Theo Columbia Law School, Federal Reserve History, University of Florida Law Review<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u1eed Huy<\/a><\/strong>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cH\u00e3y giao n\u1ed9p v\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ed3i t\u00f9 10 n\u0103m\u201d, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 phim, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":77027,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[219],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-77026","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vang"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=77026"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":77148,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77026\/revisions\/77148"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/77027"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=77026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=77026"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=77026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}