Before they were in every home, some of the most essential gadgets of today were technological punchlines, too weird, too early, too expensive or just plain bad.
In the ’90s and early 2000s, inventors and engineers dreamed big, but consumer tech often struggled to deliver on its promise.
Whether it was a robotic pet that couldn’t love you back, a vacuum that kept slamming into furniture or a digital currency no one could figure out how to use, many of these innovations failed hard.
But failure wasn’t the end. In most cases, these flops planted the seeds for the tools we now take for granted.
This list revisits the early prototypes that got laughed out of stores, and shows how their core ideas came roaring back, better, cheaper and smarter.
1. Smart vacuum (Electrolux Trilobite → robot vacuum)
The Electrolux Trilobite (2001) was the world’s first consumer robotic vacuum cleaner. It featured ultrasonic sensors and automatic docking — radical for its time — but fell short on usability. It missed corners, struggled with door thresholds and frequently got stuck. It was out of reach for most at 1,600 euros (about $1,850 today).
Why it failed:
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Inefficient edge cleaning.
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Frequent navigation errors.
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Too expensive for mass adoption.
Now:
Robot vacuums are now affordable and impressively smart. iRobot’s Roomba j7+ uses AI and a front-facing camera to avoid pet messes and cables.
The Roborock S8 MaxV Ultra vacuums and mops with LiDAR guidance.
Even the budget Eufy RoboVac G30 delivers solid performance and room mapping for under $300.
2. Wearable companion device (Sega Dreamcast VMU → smartwatch)
The Visual Memory Unit (1998) was Sega’s quirky add-on for the Dreamcast: a memory card with a tiny screen that could show in-game stats or play minigames. It was fun but limited, battery-hungry, low on memory and largely ignored by developers.
Why it failed:
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Short battery life.
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Limited functionality.
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Weak third-party support.
Now:
Smartwatches like Apple Watch Series 9 and Google Pixel Watch 2 offer a rich second-screen experience fully integrated with your phone.
They support contactless payments, fitness tracking, media control and even emergency alerts, making them far more than digital accessories.
3. Digital assistant robot (Sony AIBO → home robot/pet robot)
Sony’s original AIBO (1999) was a robotic dog with basic sensors and movement capabilities. It responded to voice commands and displayed simulated emotions. But its $2,500 price tag, repetitive behaviors and lack of real-world function made it more of a novelty than a companion.
Why it failed:
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High cost with little utility.
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Shallow emotional interaction.
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No repair support after 2006.
Now:
Modern home robots have split into functional and emotional lanes. Amazon Astro and ElliQ assist with daily tasks and elder care, while reimagined pet bots like AIBO (relaunched in 2018), Loona and Moflin now recognize faces, respond with nuanced behavior and learn from interaction.
4. 3D portable display (Nintendo Virtual Boy → VR headset)
The Virtual Boy (1995) was Nintendo’s early stab at 3D gaming, using red-on-black stereoscopic displays. Unfortunately, it had poor ergonomics, a limited library of just 22 games and caused eye strain and headaches. It was discontinued within a year.
Why it failed:
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Neck strain and discomfort.
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Uninspiring graphics and poor UX.
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Nausea and health warnings.
Now:
VR headsets like the Meta Quest 3 and PS VR2 offer full-color OLED displays, spatial tracking and immersive content libraries. They’re lighter, wireless and usable for work, gaming and fitness — delivering on Virtual Boy’s vision in every way.
5. Mobile all‑in‑one communicator (AT&T EO → smartphone)
The AT&T EO Personal Communicator (1993) was among the first devices to combine a phone, fax, modem, email and PDA functions. But it weighed over two pounds, cost up to $3,000 and had poor battery life. It launched too early, and only about 10,000 units were sold.
Why it failed:
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Too bulky for mobile use.
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Power-hungry hardware.
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Priced far above consumer demand.
Now:
Today’s smartphones — like the iPhone 16 Pro and Samsung Galaxy S25 — compress all those functions and more into sleek, powerful devices. With apps, high-res cameras, AI chips and blazing-fast internet, they make the EO look like a stone tablet.
6. Portable Linux mini‑PC (Sharp Zaurus → Raspberry Pi/NAS)
Sharp’s Zaurus line, like the SL-C3000 (2005), was a rare breed: pocket-sized Linux-based PCs with full keyboards, stylus input and developer flexibility. It was beloved by tech tinkerers but failed to reach the mainstream due to high prices (~$500–$700), limited connectivity and buggy software.
Why it failed:
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Niche appeal: too technical for casual users.
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Unreliable wireless support; Wi‑Fi was clunky.
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Outperformed by cheaper PDAs and early smartphones.
Now:
The Zaurus legacy lives on in the Raspberry Pi ecosystem. The Raspberry Pi 5 and DIY NAS setups using Unraid or TrueNAS offer massive flexibility for media streaming, automation, or even home servers, all for under $100 and supported by vibrant online communities.
7. Pocket PC (Apple Newton → tablet/smartphone)
Apple’s Newton MessagePad (1993) was a pioneer: a handheld device with stylus input and handwriting recognition. But it couldn’t reliably recognize text, its most-hyped feature. It was bulky, slow and expensive (~$700), and quickly became the butt of jokes for misreading even simple phrases like “catching on” as “egg freckles.”
Why it failed:
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Spotty handwriting recognition undermined its core pitch.
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Expensive and large for everyday use.
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Short battery life and limited connectivity.
Now:
Today’s tablets, like the iPad Pro, Samsung Galaxy Tab and Microsoft Surface combine precise stylus input with pressure sensitivity, fast processors and cloud sync.
Handwriting apps like Notability and OneNote make note-taking seamless. What Newton aimed to do in the ‘90s is now effortlessly handled by sleek, powerful devices.
8. Mini Game Console (VMU’s Chao Pet → Nintendo Switch/Steam Deck)
Sega’s VMU (1999) included small “Chao” minigames to play on the go, offering early portable interaction tied to a console. But they were shallow, battery-draining and not very replayable.
Why it failed:
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Weak gameplay depth.
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Tethered to console experience.
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Limited standalone functionality.
Now:
Portable gaming now rivals full-fledged consoles. Nintendo Switch and Valve Steam Deck play AAA games anywhere, with vibrant screens and real controllers. Add cloud gaming options like GeForce Now or ROG Ally, and mobile gaming has become an entire ecosystem.
9. CBDCs (Avant/DigiCash → national digital currencies)
Finland’s Avant stored-value smartcard (1993) and David Chaum’s DigiCash (1990) offered early visions of digital currency. Avant worked like a prepaid debit card, while DigiCash allowed anonymous transfers. Both failed due to low demand, poor infrastructure and regulatory roadblocks.
Why they failed:
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Lack of merchant adoption.
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Poor scalability and UX.
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Business models were unsustainable.
Now:
As of 2025, 134 countries (representing 98% of global GDP) are developing or piloting central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). Examples include:
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SandDollar (Bahamas)
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eNaira (Nigeria)
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Digital rupee (India)
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Digital yuan (China)
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Digital euro (pilot phase)
CBDCs are now used for welfare disbursements, transportation payments and remittances, marking a significant evolution in state-backed digital money.
10. Air Fryer (Fred van der Weij prototype → modern air fryer)
In the mid-2000s, Dutch inventor Fred van der Weij built an enormous, homemade device to solve a personal problem: how to make crispy fries without oil. His early air fryer prototype, made from wood, metal and aluminum mesh, looked more like a backyard science project than a kitchen appliance. It worked (barely) but was never intended for mass production.
Why it failed:
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Oversized and impractical for home kitchens.
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Built from crude materials with poor usability.
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Never developed past the proof-of-concept stage.
Now:
Today’s air fryers are sleek, countertop must-haves. Models like the Ninja Foodi DualZone or Cosori Pro can roast, bake, reheat and dehydrate, often replacing entire ovens.
They use refined convection technology, require minimal oil and come with presets, app integration and dishwasher-safe baskets. What began as a giant wooden box is now one of the most popular kitchen tools in the world.
Any inventions in 2025 that you wouldn’t put your money on?
Tech history is full of false starts. Yet even the most awkward, overhyped gadgets often contain a sliver of the future. What flopped in 1995 might be indispensable in 2025. Robotic assistants, virtual reality, CBDCs and wearable tech — each was mocked in its early form, but their underlying concepts proved resilient.
It’s a reminder that innovation doesn’t always arrive fully formed. Sometimes it shows up wearing red-tinted goggles, costs too much and breaks after three days. But give it a few years and a few billion dollars of R&D and you just might find it in your pocket, running your home or helping you pay for coffee.
This article does not contain investment advice or recommendations. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and readers should conduct their own research when making a decision.
