{"id":79040,"date":"2026-05-12T08:58:04","date_gmt":"2026-05-12T01:58:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vap-trung-vang-nguoi-dan-ong-tao-nen-con-sot-lam-thay-doi-lich-su-nam-phi\/"},"modified":"2026-05-12T10:13:15","modified_gmt":"2026-05-12T03:13:15","slug":"vap-trung-vang-nguoi-dan-ong-tao-nen-con-sot-lam-thay-doi-lich-su-nam-phi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/vap-trung-vang-nguoi-dan-ong-tao-nen-con-sot-lam-thay-doi-lich-su-nam-phi\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ea5p tr\u00fang v\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nam Phi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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NAM PHI – N\u0103m 1886, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean trang tr\u1ea1i hoang vu, bi\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c nh\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nam Phi.<\/h4>\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1edd gi\u1eefa v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft<\/strong><\/h6>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1852. John Henry Davis, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9 Wales (Anh), \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean trang tr\u1ea1i Pardekraal thu\u1ed9c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Krugersdorp, c\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Johannesburg (Nam Phi) ng\u00e0y nay kho\u1ea3ng 30km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Tuy v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho \u00f4ng b\u00e1n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0ng cho ng\u00e2n kh\u1ed1 r\u1ed3i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng tin t\u1ee9c l\u1ed9 ra ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a non tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1853 c\u0169ng chung s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c m\u1ecf v\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1886 t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Nam Phi hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t v\u00e0ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u1ea2nh: The Collector<\/em><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n

Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7\/1886, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh l\u00e0 George Harrison m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 “m\u1edf kh\u00f3a” kho b\u00e1u. Khi \u0111ang \u0111i b\u1ed9 qua trang tr\u1ea1i Langlaagte, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u1ecfm \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1ee9a qu\u1eb7ng v\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00f2 m\u00f2, Harrison \u0111\u1eadp v\u1ee5n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean trong l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng qu\u1eb7ng v\u00e0ng. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef k\u00edn, tin t\u1ee9c lan nhanh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb Australia \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hoang n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o v\u00e0ng. C\u01a1n s\u1ed1t v\u00e0ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ‘t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp t\u1ef7 ph\u00fa ch\u00e2u Phi’<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Transvaal (ZAR) – v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y khi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Boer, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t v\u00e0ng s\u1ebd ch\u00f3ng t\u00e0n.\u00a0H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebd ra m\u1ed9t khu \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c (gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c con ph\u1ed1 Delvers, Commissioner v\u00e0 Ferreira) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n l\u00f4 b\u00e1n cho d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 nhanh n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m Johannesburg ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 v\u1eady, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Johannesburg l\u00e0 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y 10 n\u0103m sau khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp (n\u0103m 1896), th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 100.000 d\u00e2n v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t Nam Phi, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua Cape Town, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 200 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u1ea9n s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o n\u1ed5i, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n gan l\u1ef3 v\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1ecf kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Kimberley – n\u01a1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1edbi 95% kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Randlords hay \u201cnh\u1eefng \u00f4ng tr\u00f9m khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1eb1ng sau l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u. \u1ea2nh: Egypt Independent<\/em><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Cecil John Rhodes, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp De Beers, t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 t\u1eebng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t 90% kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi nghe tin v\u1ec1 v\u00e0ng, Rhodes l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. \u00d4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u00f4ng ty Consolidated Gold Fields v\u00e0 chi ngay 3.000 b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 mua l\u00f4 v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

15 tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1898, c\u00e1c m\u1ecf v\u00e0ng<\/a> s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u01a1n 4,2 tri\u1ec7u ounce v\u00e0ng m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 h\u01a1n 15 tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3ng. D\u00f2ng v\u00e0ng ch\u1ea3y ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ng\u01a1i ngh\u1ec9.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0ng, c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh) \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Paul Kruger c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Transvaal lo ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd s\u1edbm \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Boer b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p: \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0o thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5, th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i trong 14 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed7i lo c\u1ee7a Kruger l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Ch\u1ec9 5 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Boer \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1eeb tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh Anh – Boer l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1881). Khi \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0ng \u0111e d\u1ecda tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 m\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Cecil Rhodes, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. H\u1ecd l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Kruger nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Boer c\u00e0ng th\u00eam s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. Ng\u00e0y 11\/10\/1899, Chi\u1ebfn tranh Boer l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Anh v\u1edbi hai n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Boer (Transvaal v\u00e0 Orange Free State).<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Boer cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng. N\u0103m 1902, Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Vereeniging \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a hai n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Boer. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1ecf v\u00e0ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e2n kh\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Anh.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1910, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t 4 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (Cape, Natal, Transvaal v\u00e0 Orange Free State) th\u00e0nh Li\u00ean bang Nam Phi, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Nam Phi ng\u00e0y nay. M\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb tro t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: South African History Online, Encyclopedia Britannica, The Collector<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/article>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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NAM PHI – N\u0103m 1886, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean trang tr\u1ea1i […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":79041,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[95],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-79040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc-the-gioi-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79040","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79040"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79040\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":79195,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79040\/revisions\/79195"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/79041"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79040"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79040"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79040"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}