{"id":70800,"date":"2026-04-13T09:12:55","date_gmt":"2026-04-13T02:12:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/theres-a-way-to-make-bitcoin-safe-from-quantum-without-a-fork-researchers-say\/"},"modified":"2026-04-13T09:51:14","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T02:51:14","slug":"theres-a-way-to-make-bitcoin-safe-from-quantum-without-a-fork-researchers-say","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/theres-a-way-to-make-bitcoin-safe-from-quantum-without-a-fork-researchers-say\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap Bitcoin an to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n hard fork"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft ng\u1eafn<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch Bitcoin kh\u00e1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong elliptic b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0m b\u0103m v\u00e0 ch\u1eef k\u00fd Lamport.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n sang ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch Bitcoin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho kh\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i giao th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng, theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Avihu Mordechai Levy c\u1ee7a StarkWare.<\/p>\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Levy m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh giao d\u1ecbch \u201cQuantum-Safe Bitcoin\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eabn an to\u00e0n ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong elliptic \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n nay. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc script hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Bitcoin v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u soft fork hay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y QSB, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh giao d\u1ecbch Bitcoin kh\u00e1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i giao th\u1ee9c Bitcoin v\u00e0 v\u1eabn an to\u00e0n ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Shor,\u201d Levy vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y thay th\u1ebf ch\u1eef k\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong elliptic b\u1eb1ng m\u1eadt m\u00e3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0m b\u0103m v\u00e0 ch\u1eef k\u00fd Lamport \u2014 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cV\u00ec ch\u1eef k\u00fd Lamport c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt h\u1eadu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u00fang k\u00fd l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh danh m\u1eadt m\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a giao d\u1ecbch, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda giao d\u1ecbch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef k\u00fd Lamport m\u1edbi \u2014 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed,\u201d Levy vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n m\u1eadt m\u00e3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u0111i. B\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 70 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 l\u1ea7n th\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 mining Bitcoin, ph\u1ea7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c off-chain v\u00e0 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 bao g\u1ed3m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p>Levy \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh b\u00e0i to\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 GPU v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0i tr\u0103m USD cho m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n script c\u1ee7a Bitcoin g\u1ed3m 201 opcode v\u00e0 10.000 byte. B\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u1eaft khe v\u00ec m\u1ed7i opcode \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh script kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eef k\u00fd Lamport v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n b\u0103m trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac giao d\u1ecbch ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u201ctransaction pinning\u201d, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda giao d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>Levy m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u201clast-resort\u201d thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. B\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n off-chain v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc giao d\u1ecbch on-chain \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Bitcoin ho\u1eb7c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o giao d\u1ecbch c\u0169ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Bitcoin th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 non-standard theo c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch relay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong vi\u1ec7c lan truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c mining pool thay v\u00ec broadcast qua mempool c\u00f4ng khai.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Shor \u0111e d\u1ecda ch\u1eef k\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong elliptic, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Grover v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c b\u1eadc hai cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u1ede m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho Bitcoin \u2014 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Bitcoin, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c,\u201d Levy vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Levy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap Bitcoin chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1eadt m\u00e3 kh\u00e1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, bao g\u1ed3m BIP-360, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Pay-to-Merkle-Root nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef k\u00fd an to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Bitcoin v\u1eabn mang t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 Google v\u00e0 Cloudflare \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sang h\u1eadu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2029.<\/p>\n<h5>B\u1ea3n tin Daily Debrief<\/h5>\n<p>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, podcast, video v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1c.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft ng\u1eafn M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch Bitcoin kh\u00e1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":70801,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tien-dien-tu"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70800","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70800"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70800\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70973,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70800\/revisions\/70973"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/70801"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70800"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70800"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70800"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}