
Beth Hammack, the President of the Federal Reserve (Fed) Bank of Cleveland, struck a hawkish tone in remarks on Thursday, stressing the need to keep inflation in check. She warned that tariff impacts are only beginning to show in the economy and may intensify next year. While noting the Fed is close to neutral, Hammack dismissed the case for rate cuts in the near term.
Key Quotes
Both sides of the Fed mandate are under pressure.
Its important to maintain modestly restrictive policy to lower inflation.
Firms are trying to withhold passing on tariffs, but that can’t last forever.
It’s just now tariff impacts are starting to affect economy.
Full tariff impact won’t be clear until next year.
Unclear if tariffs will ultimately be one time impact.
Biggest concern inflation is too high, and inflation has been trending in wrong direction.
Will view job data in context of broader economic changes.
Labor supply has come down dramatically.
The Fed needs to stay “laser focused” on too high inflation.
We have a small distance to get to neutral policy.
Does not see any sign of a notable economic downturn.
Does not see imminent case for cutting rates based on current data.
Doesn’t think Fed policy is far from neutral policy, no need for stimulative policy.
US-China Trade War FAQs
Generally speaking, a trade war is an economic conflict between two or more countries due to extreme protectionism on one end. It implies the creation of trade barriers, such as tariffs, which result in counter-barriers, escalating import costs, and hence the cost of living.
An economic conflict between the United States (US) and China began early in 2018, when President Donald Trump set trade barriers on China, claiming unfair commercial practices and intellectual property theft from the Asian giant. China took retaliatory action, imposing tariffs on multiple US goods, such as automobiles and soybeans. Tensions escalated until the two countries signed the US-China Phase One trade deal in January 2020. The agreement required structural reforms and other changes to China’s economic and trade regime and pretended to restore stability and trust between the two nations. However, the Coronavirus pandemic took the focus out of the conflict. Yet, it is worth mentioning that President Joe Biden, who took office after Trump, kept tariffs in place and even added some additional levies.
The return of Donald Trump to the White House as the 47th US President has sparked a fresh wave of tensions between the two countries. During the 2024 election campaign, Trump pledged to impose 60% tariffs on China once he returned to office, which he did on January 20, 2025. With Trump back, the US-China trade war is meant to resume where it was left, with tit-for-tat policies affecting the global economic landscape amid disruptions in global supply chains, resulting in a reduction in spending, particularly investment, and directly feeding into the Consumer Price Index inflation.
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Editors’ Picks

EUR/USD stays offered, challenges 1.1600
EUR/USD is under further negative pressure, trading in the red near the 1.1600 support. The US Dollar accelerates its gains as traders continue to assess August PMI figures, which indicate that the private sector’s economic activity rose quicker than predicted. Moving forward, the focus of attention is expected to gyrate to Powell’s speech at the Jackson Hole Symposium on Friday.

GBP/USD sinks to weekly lows, targets 1.3400
GBP/USD loses further momentum and falls to the vicinity of the 1.3400 support on Thursday. Cable’s daily pullback comes in response to extra upside pressure on the Greenback, particulalry exacerbated following firmer-than-expected US business activity readings.

Gold remains on the back foot below $3,350
Gold struggles to build on its gains from Wednesday, trading below $3,350 per troy ounce on Thursday. The renewed weakness in the precious metal follows a marked pick-up in the Greenback as well as rising US yields across different time frames.

Crypto Today: Bitcoin, Ethereum, XRP faces pressure after recent recovery
Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Ripple remain steady at press time on Thursday, following minor turbulence after the release of the FOMC meeting minutes on Wednesday. The meetings set the tone for the US Jackson Hole economic policy symposium, which starts on Thursday, focusing on transitions in the labor market.

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