{ "id": 70410, "date": "2026-04-10T09:13:14", "date_gmt": "2026-04-10T02:13:14", "guid": { "rendered": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/bitcoin-could-be-quantum-safe-without-protocol-changes-new-proposal-claims\/" }, "modified": "2026-04-10T10:00:34", "modified_gmt": "2026-04-10T03:00:34", "slug": "bitcoin-could-be-quantum-safe-without-protocol-changes-new-proposal-claims", "status": "publish", "type": "post", "link": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/bitcoin-could-be-quantum-safe-without-protocol-changes-new-proposal-claims\/", "title": { "rendered": "Bitcoin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean an to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i giao th\u1ee9c, theo \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi" }, "content": { "rendered": "
\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch Bitcoin ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng\u2014m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111ang thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd khi lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro m\u1eadt m\u00e3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 9\/4, Avihu Levy t\u1eeb StarkWare \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u201cQuantum-Safe Bitcoin Transactions Without Softforks\u201d, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf mang t\u00ean Quantum Safe Bitcoin (QSB). Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 giao d\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi giao th\u1ee9c Bitcoin hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Bitcoin. C\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef k\u00fd ECDSA tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong secp256k1. V\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ea1y thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Shor c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n logarit r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o ch\u1eef k\u00fd v\u00e0 chi ti\u00eau t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

QSB thay th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong elliptic b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0m b\u0103m. Thay v\u00ec tin c\u1eady ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o ECDSA, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf x\u00e1c minh, trong khi chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt sang t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng pre-image c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m b\u0103m. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Binohash, v\u1ed1n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1eef k\u00fd m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n (one-time signature) v\u00e0o Bitcoin Script.<\/p>\n

C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a QSB l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cb\u00e0i to\u00e1n hash-to-signature\u201d. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd b\u0103m m\u1ed9t public key \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb giao d\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng RIPEMD-160 v\u00e0 coi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef k\u00fd ECDSA ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hash ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef k\u00fd h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng proof-of-work. X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 1 tr\u00ean ~70,4 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 l\u1ea7n th\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Bitcoin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00ec c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m b\u0103m thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong elliptic, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn an to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Shor. M\u1ed9t k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c b\u1eadc hai t\u1eeb thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Grover, n\u00ean v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. B\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh m\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ng second pre-image kho\u1ea3ng 118-bit trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Shor.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n scripting hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Bitcoin, bao g\u1ed3m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n 201 opcode v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc script t\u1ed1i \u0111a 10.000 byte. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac script truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn hay soft fork\u2014m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c developer lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh giao th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh giao d\u1ecbch g\u1ed3m ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cpinning\u201d, t\u00ecm c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 giao d\u1ecbch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hash h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac giao d\u1ecbch. Ti\u1ebfp theo, hai v\u00f2ng digest s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c t\u1eadp con ch\u1eef k\u00fd nh\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi hash giao d\u1ecbch. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 preimage v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u00e1c minh.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch QSB v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n relay ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lan truy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng theo thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n g\u1eedi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn miner th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Slipstream. Ngo\u00e0i ra, script c\u0169ng chi\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 v\u1eady, chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ee9c kh\u1ea3 thi. B\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng 75\u2013150 USD khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng GPU cloud, v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua x\u1eed l\u00fd song song. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n sau v\u00e0i gi\u1edd v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u GPU.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. D\u00f9 paper v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o script \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc trong quy tr\u00ecnh\u2014bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 broadcast giao d\u1ecbch ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh\u2014v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean blockchain.<\/p>\n

Tuy v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch Bitcoin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i giao th\u1ee9c, QSB m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 thay v\u00ec n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn\u2014c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u00eam c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp:<\/strong>
\nCh\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng AI nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong quy tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean t\u1eadp, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed9i dung. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh do AI t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. Trong Bitcoin c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng: \u0110\u1eebng tin\u2014h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 x\u00e1c minh.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\"Micah<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

Micah Zimmerman<\/a><\/p>\n

Micah l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn Bitcoin v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2021, anh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a tin v\u1ec1 crypto v\u00e0 kinh doanh, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean tin t\u1ee9c cho Bitcoin Magazine, c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i North Carolina.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>", "protected": false }, "excerpt": { "rendered": "

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch Bitcoin ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n […]<\/p>", "protected": false }, "author": 5, "featured_media": 70411, "comment_status": "open", "ping_status": "open", "sticky": false, "template": "", "format": "standard", "meta": { "_acf_changed": false, "footnotes": "" }, "categories": [ 220 ], "tags": [], "class_list": [ "post-70410", "post", "type-post", "status-publish", "format-standard", "has-post-thumbnail", "hentry", "category-tien-dien-tu" ], "acf": [], "_links": { "self": [ { "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70410", "targetHints": { "allow": [ "GET" ] } } ], "collection": [ { "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts" } ], "about": [ { "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post" } ], "author": [ { "embeddable": true, "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5" } ], "replies": [ { "embeddable": true, "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70410" } ], "version-history": [ { "count": 1, "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70410\/revisions" } ], "predecessor-version": [ { "id": 70573, "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70410\/revisions\/70573" } ], "wp:featuredmedia": [ { "embeddable": true, "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/70411" } ], "wp:attachment": [ { "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70410" } ], "wp:term": [ { "taxonomy": "category", "embeddable": true, "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70410" }, { "taxonomy": "post_tag", "embeddable": true, "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70410" } ], "curies": [ { "name": "wp", "href": "https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}", "templated": true } ] } }