{ "id": 49953, "date": "2025-10-01T10:38:35", "date_gmt": "2025-10-01T03:38:35", "guid": { "rendered": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/nhung-ung-vien-sang-gia-cho-nobel-y-sinh-2025\/" }, "modified": "2025-10-01T10:38:35", "modified_gmt": "2025-10-01T03:38:35", "slug": "nhung-ung-vien-sang-gia-cho-nobel-y-sinh-2025", "status": "publish", "type": "post", "link": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/nhung-ung-vien-sang-gia-cho-nobel-y-sinh-2025\/", "title": { "rendered": "Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 cho Nobel Y Sinh 2025" }, "content": { "rendered": "

C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng Nobel Y Sinh 2025 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 hormone t\u1ea1o n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n, c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c protein t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 10, gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i n\u00edn th\u1edf ch\u1edd nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n. N\u0103m nay, m\u00f9a gi\u1ea3i Nobel di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 6 \u0111\u1ebfn 13\/10, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7, gi\u1ea3i Y sinh lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u0103m nay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 hormone \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a GLP-1, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n \u0111ang t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Ozempic v\u00e0 Wegovy. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO) n\u0103m 2022, h\u01a1n 1 t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh b\u00e9o ph\u00ec. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn t\u0103ng l\u00ean 1,9 t\u1ef7 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2035 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u00ec t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i to l\u1edbn n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac vinh danh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c “k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u”.<\/p>\n

Li Zhao, nh\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Rockefeller, \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o hai \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 Svetlana Mojsov, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a d\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) v\u00e0 Jeffrey Friedman, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra hormone leptin. “C\u1ea3 hai c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa”, b\u00e0 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

Ivan de Araujo, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7n Max Planck, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Friedman. “Leptin l\u00e0 hormone do t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ee1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, cho ph\u00e9p n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 theo d\u00f5i tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3”, \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. “Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c trong y sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady”.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1ea3i Nobel kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00f4n vinh nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 sinh h\u1ecdc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, v\u1ed1n m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, c\u0169ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn. Philip Wigge, nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Potsdam, tin r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Anthony Hyman v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00ean phong v\u1ec1 “t\u00e1ch pha l\u1ecfng-l\u1ecfng” (liquid-liquid phase separation).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd “kinh ng\u1ea1c” c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111ang \u00e2m th\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. LLPS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh dung nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt d\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00ean trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed protein v\u00e0 RNA c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng “khoang” \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u00e0ng bao b\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng “gi\u1ecdt” sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa DNA \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nan y nh\u01b0 Alzheimer, Parkinson hay ALS, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch pha n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

“T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 ra kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian”, Wigge nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
\"Huy <\/picture><\/div>
\n

Gi\u1ea3i Nobel \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao b\u1edfi H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Nobel t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Karolinska, Stockholm, Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n. \u1ea2nh: Nobel Prize<\/em><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean n\u1eb7ng k\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. Karl Deisseroth t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford, cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a “quang di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc” (optogenetics) – m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1eaft c\u00e1c neuron th\u1ea7n kinh b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 Parkinson, tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u.<\/p>\n

“\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a quang di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn”, David Gate, nh\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Northwestern, cho bi\u1ebft. “R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0o l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc”. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng l\u1ea1c quan. Sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc Pieter Vanden Berghe t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7n N\u00e3o Leuven, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng Deisseroth \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh danh.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng theo David Gate, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c “c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua” l\u00e0 Pasko Rakic t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Yale, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c n\u00e3o. “\u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Nobel”, Gate n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1901 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, \u1ee6y ban Nobel \u0111\u00e3 trao t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 114 gi\u1ea3i Y Sinh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Frederick G. Banting, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh danh khi m\u1edbi 32 tu\u1ed5i, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra insulin. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Peyton Rous cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n virus g\u00e2y kh\u1ed1i u. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ean n\u0103m 1966, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 87.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2024, Victor Ambros v\u00e0 Gary Ruvkun \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao gi\u1ea3i Nobel Y h\u1ecdc cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gene m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua microRNA<\/a>. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a microRNA.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u0103m 2012, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 10 tri\u1ec7u crown, c\u00f2n 8 tri\u1ec7u do Qu\u1ef9 Nobel c\u1ea7n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

B\u00ecnh Minh <\/strong>(Theo Nobel Prize, The Scientist<\/em>)<\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>", "protected": false }, "excerpt": { "rendered": "

C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng Nobel Y Sinh 2025 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 hormone t\u1ea1o n\u00ean […]<\/p>", "protected": false }, "author": 5, "featured_media": 49954, "comment_status": "open", "ping_status": "open", "sticky": false, "template": "", "format": "standard", "meta": { "_acf_changed": false, "footnotes": "" }, "categories": [ 94 ], "tags": [], "class_list": [ "post-49953", "post", "type-post", "status-publish", "format-standard", "has-post-thumbnail", "hentry", "category-tin-tuc-trong-nuoc" ], "acf": [], "_links": { "self": [ { "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49953", "targetHints": { "allow": [ "GET" ] } } ], "collection": [ { "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts" } ], "about": [ { "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post" } ], "author": [ { "embeddable": true, "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5" } ], "replies": [ { "embeddable": true, "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49953" } ], "version-history": [ { "count": 0, "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49953\/revisions" } ], "wp:featuredmedia": [ { "embeddable": true, "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49954" } ], "wp:attachment": [ { "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49953" } ], "wp:term": [ { "taxonomy": "category", "embeddable": true, "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49953" }, { "taxonomy": "post_tag", "embeddable": true, "href": "https:\/\/hbbgroup.net\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49953" } ], "curies": [ { "name": "wp", "href": "https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}", "templated": true } ] } }